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Aurum
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Re: Covid-19 - Discuss Scientific Papers

Rapid Repurposing of Drugs for COVID-19
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/05/07/science.abb9332

I think the best part of this article is the clear diagram of all the drug targets. Look at it first. We hear a lot of talk about the Spike protein and rightly so since if it can be neutralized then the virus cannot enter cells and be replicated. Eventually it will be cleared from the body. This diagram divides viral replication into 6 steps and OpenPandemics could potentially address any or all of them.
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Jim1348
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Re: Covid-19 - Discuss Scientific Papers

Remdesivir will require a careful balancing act between poisoning the patient just enough to slow viral replication but not completely disable the immune response.

Thanks. You don't hear that reported in the popular media. I was wondering what role our distributed computing projects play.
It looks like there is room for us too.
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Falconet
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Re: Covid-19 - Discuss Scientific Papers

Many thanks for the explanation of Remdesivir.
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Glen David Short
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Re: Covid-19 - Discuss Scientific Papers

The authors of this paper propose that living above 3000m altitude offers some protection against covid-19. The reasons are many, but include thinner, drier air; larger diurnal temperature swings; higher UV (which both kills the virus and provides humans with vitamin D, said to help fight the virus - link ) but also people born at these altitudes have different enzymes in their lungs (its detailed in the rather technical report).
Anecdotally, I am currently holed up in Cusco Peru, altitude 3400m (11,200ft), where winter is approaching which means clear skies for lots of high altitude tropical UV sun, and frigid, dry nights (interestingly a 2007 study found Cusco has the highest UV radiation in the world). Since the lockdown began around 60 days ago, Cusco has only suffered 5 Covid deaths, out of a population of around half a million, while the coastal and Amazon regions are decimated, suffering deaths that have totalled over 2100 people so far, and despite strict social distancing laws (sometimes enforced at gunpoint) by the Army and Police, the epidemic is still spreading. And of those 5 deaths in Cusco, 3 were elderly foreign tourists who died early in the pandemic and probably arrived from lower altitudes.
Similar stories are emerging in neighboring Ecuador and Bolivia, the altiplano people are suffering much less mortality than the coastal and jungle regions.
Needless to say Ive got 6 devices and 32 threads dedicated to crunching away with the new WCG open pandemics WUs. It has the nice side effect of keeping my unheated hostel room a little warmer at night!

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7175867/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32252338

https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/peru/
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Re: Covid-19 - Discuss Scientific Papers

Drier air has not been one of the measures bandied around in a number of publications. Opposed, humid which often comes with warmer air was considered to make covid-19 less able to spread.
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Glen David Short
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Re: Covid-19 - Discuss Scientific Papers

Drier air has not been one of the measures bandied around in a number of publications. Opposed, humid which often comes with warmer air was considered to make covid-19 less able to spread.

from the paper I cited above
"Environmental factors may influence the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 at high-altitude. Indeed, a high-altitude environment is characterized by drastic changes in temperature between night and day, air dryness, and high levels of ultraviolet (UV) light radiation".

High humidity is a characteristic of Amazon and coastal regions, and a huge disparity in the number of fatal Covid cases can be seen in Peru between the dry altiplano on the one hand, and Amazon and Pacific regions on the other. That said, air dryness is probably a minor factor compared to the UV, temperature and blood protein factors mentioned. The "thinness" of the air at these altitudes may play a role as well.
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[Edit 3 times, last edit by Glen David Short at May 14, 2020 10:18:13 PM]
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Aurum
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Re: Covid-19 - Discuss Scientific Papers

Thanks for the references regarding altitude (2500 m or 8000 ft). For reference Lake Tahoe is 6225 ft. I started reading and immediately ran into a term I've never seen before "half-live of the virus." So I thought I'll throw out my first reaction to the topic and then come back later after reading the papers. People living at high altitude are less likely to encounter carriers just because there are fewer people going there than the beach. The lower humidity plus increased UV will degrade a virus faster so less likely to get by contacting surfaces. These topics will make for many geostatistical analysis studies to come. Also, plenty of people have died in dry climes, e.g. Iran, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, etc. Also, take a look at the deep UVC lights they've developed that don't seem to harm humans but destroy virus.
Edit 1: From the first paper they make a good case that Covid-19 prevalence is reduced at high altitude. One of their references had some great maps of population & land mass versus altitude. Their hypothesis that down regulation of ACE2 at altitude reduces viral cell entry. I've seen papers where physicians can medically down regulate ACE2 for that very reason. It's a trade-off since ACE2 is all over the body and reducing ACE2 too much can stop ones heart.
Edit 2: "This review is a narrative one." So it doesn't even rise to the level of a review article. My take is vitamin D is good in so many ways and a deficiency is bad. The authors have the opinion that more is better up to some unknown point and trials are needed. If I had Covid-19 and someone asked me to join a double blind trial of VD I'd want to rip my respirator out and spit in their eye. Take a walk in the sun and eat a balanced diet.
Edit 3: The Total Coronavirus Deaths in Peru chart is great. Linear looks like it's skyrocketing out of control but click Logarithmic and the slope is dramatically dropping and so it's clear Covid-19 deaths & cases are slowing.
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[Edit 3 times, last edit by Aurum420 at May 15, 2020 7:06:04 PM]
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Glen David Short
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Re: Covid-19 - Discuss Scientific Papers

People living at high altitude are less likely to encounter carriers just because there are fewer people going there than the beach.

Quito and La Paz, cited in the paper, have populations of 2 million and 800,000 approximately. Cusco, where I am right now, has 450,000 inhabitants (though many demographers think the true figure could be much, much higher, especially for La Paz, if you include the new settlements in El Alto.)
Anyhow, having been to all these cities many times, I can tell you public transport is overcrowded and cramped way beyond what would be deemed acceptable in developed countries even before the Covid crisis. And having been to the local fruit market today, I can report with my own eyes that "social distancing" is being practiced only half-heartedly. So it does seem puzzling why there have been so few fatal cases of Covid here. For those who can read Spanish, La Republica, a major newspaper, ran a recent article titled "Does Covid suffer altitude sickness" https://larepublica.pe/sociedad/2020/05/13/co...ovid-19-sufre-de-soroche/
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[Edit 1 times, last edit by Glen David Short at May 20, 2020 6:44:45 PM]
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Glen David Short
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Re: Covid-19 - Discuss Scientific Papers

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Aurum
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Re: Covid-19 - Discuss Scientific Papers

From the Andes to Tibet, the coronavirus seems to be sparing populations at high altitudes
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_amer...6-af5514ee0385_story.html

They appear to reference the same paper you cited above:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7175867/
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