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Papa3
Senior Cruncher Joined: Apr 23, 2006 Post Count: 360 Status: Offline Project Badges: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
http://www.sciencecodex.com/sfu_researchers_h...vaccinerelated_tool-86903
[...] a breakthrough discovery about Rhizobium radiobacter [...] this harmless bacterium has on its surface sugar molecules that resemble those on the surface of HIV. This resemblance gives scientists a basis for developing a preventative vaccine, putting our immune system on guard against HIV. HIV's sugar molecules act as a cloaking device, preventing our immune system from detecting the virus until it has created several variant generations of itself [...] the sugar molecules on Rhizobium radiobacter could be used to trigger our immune system to immediately recognize those on HIV, prompting more immediate awareness of the virus' invasion. [...] Before Rhizobium radiobacter can become the basis of an anti-HIV vaccine, the scientists need to find a protein to which they can attach the bacterium's sugar molecules. The protein is needed to properly trigger our immune system's development of antibodies to the sugar molecules. Such antibodies would then recognize and target HIV's sugar molecules because they resemble those on the bacterium. This method of triggering antibodies' development has led to the invention of successful sugar-based vaccines against diseases such as meningitis and childhood pneumonia. "Two known proteins, tetanus toxoid and CRM197, a nontoxic recombinant variant of diphtheria toxin, are commonly used to develop these kinds of vaccines," [...] |
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Dan60
Senior Cruncher Brazil Joined: Mar 29, 2006 Post Count: 185 Status: Offline Project Badges: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Excision of HIV-1 Proviral DNA from Infected Cells.
"... With respect to virus eradication, the delivery of Tre-recombinase most likely requires a gene therapy approach in which either adult CD4+ T cells, or CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are genetically modified using advanced vector systems (e.g. lentiviral self-inactivating vectors) (3). However, particularly the ex vivo treatment of adult CD4+ T cells may also involve the application of cell permeable Tre-recombinase (1). This strategy has the advantage that the genetic modification of HIV target cells by the vector is avoided. The respective recombinant Tre enzyme is characterized by both, a heterologous protein transduction domain (PTD) that ensures transport across the cellular plasma membrane, and a nuclear localization signal (NLS) that mediates nuclear uptake (1)... " http://www.hiv-reservoir.net/index.php/the-ne...-from-infected-cells.html |
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Papa3
Senior Cruncher Joined: Apr 23, 2006 Post Count: 360 Status: Offline Project Badges: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
http://www.sciencecodex.com/interferon_decrea...iretroviral_therapy-87448
[...] "Our data shows that our human immune response can be made to control HIV in persons who have otherwise lost that ability and, if sustained by natural interferon production, it establishes proof-of-concept that a functional cure is theoretically possible," said Montaner, a professor at Wistar and director of the Institute's HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory. "And while we still have much to pursue with this early clinical finding, I firmly believe this gives us hope that one day we can control—and eventually eradicate—HIV in absence of antiretroviral therapy." The trial showed that interferon-alpha when used as a drug (Peg-IFN-α2A) sustained control of HIV in 9 of 20 patients while also decreasing measures of HIV reservoirs in patients otherwise dependent on antiretroviral therapy (ART). No other clinical strategy to date has shown an impact on decreasing integrated HIV DNA levels in HIV-infected humans. [...] |
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Papa3
Senior Cruncher Joined: Apr 23, 2006 Post Count: 360 Status: Offline Project Badges: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
http://www.futurity.org/health-medicine/cancer-drug-forces-hiv-out-of-hiding/
Researchers have successfully flushed latent HIV infection from hiding with a drug used to treat certain types of lymphoma [...] the biological mechanism that keeps the HIV virus hidden and unreachable by current antiviral therapies can be targeted and interrupted in humans, providing new hope for a strategy to eradicate HIV completely. In a clinical trial, six HIV-infected men who were medically stable on anti-AIDS drugs, received vorinostat, an oncology drug. Recent studies by Margolis and others have shown that vorinostat also attacks the enzymes that keep HIV hiding in certain CD4+ T cells, specialized immune system cells that the virus uses to replicate. Within hours of receiving the vorinostat, all six patients had a significant increase in HIV RNA in these cells, evidence that the virus was being forced out of its hiding place. “This proves for the first time that there are ways to specifically treat viral latency, the first step towards curing HIV infection,” says Margolis, who led the study. “It shows that this class of drugs, HDAC inhibitors, can attack persistent virus. [...] |
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Papa3
Senior Cruncher Joined: Apr 23, 2006 Post Count: 360 Status: Offline Project Badges: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
http://www.futurity.org/health-medicine/to-ki...v-lure-it-into-an-ambush/
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/rel...ection_from_immune_system [...] Siliciano and other AIDS scientists say the best hope for ultimately curing the disease is to force latent viruses to “turn back on,” making them “visible” to the immune system’s so-called cytolytic “killer” T cells and then, with the likely aid of drugs, eliminate the infected cells from the body. [...] infected T cells survived after latent virus was reactivated, and were only killed off when other immune system T cells were primed before reactivation. “Our study results strongly suggest that a vaccination to boost the immune response immediately prior to reactivating latent virus may be essential for totally eradicating HIV infection,” [...] short pieces of HIV proteins were introduced to stimulate the anti-HIV T-cell response just before reactivation of the latent virus. The incomplete viral proteins and subsequent immune system vaccination led to production of enough cytolytic T cells to attack and kill the latently infected cells. [...] |
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Michael2901
Veteran Cruncher Joined: Feb 6, 2009 Post Count: 586 Status: Offline Project Badges: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-03/gsoa-csh031412.php
"Public release date: 15-Mar-2012 Computer simulations help explain why HIV cure remains elusive A new article in the journal Genetics suggests that even in early infection, when the virus population is low and has reduced genetic variation, HIV rapidly evolves to evade immune defenses and treatments Bethesda, MD – March 15, 2012 -- A new research report appearing in the March 2012 issue of the journal Genetics shows why the development of a cure and new treatments for HIV has been so difficult. In the report, an Australian scientist explains how he used computer simulations to discover that a population starting from a single human immunodeficiency virus can evolve fast enough to escape immune defenses. These results are novel because the discovery runs counter to the commonly held belief that evolution under these circumstances is very slow. "I believe the search for a cure for AIDS has failed so far because we do not fully understand how HIV evolves," said Jack da Silva, Ph.D., author of the study from the School of Molecular and Biomedical Science at the University of Adelaide in Adelaide, Australia. "Further insight into the precise genetic mechanisms by which the virus manages to so readily adapt to all the challenges we throw at it will, hopefully, lead to novel strategies for vaccines and other control measures." To make this discovery, da Silva used computer simulation to determine whether, under realistic conditions, the virus could evolve as rapidly as had been reported if the virus population started from a single individual virus. This was done by constructing a model of the virus population and then simulating the killing of virus-infected cells by the immune system, along with mutation, recombination and random genetic changes, due to a small population size, affecting viral genes. Results showed that for realistic rates of cell killing, mutation and recombination, and a realistic population size, that the virus could evolve very rapidly even if the initial population size is one. "A cure for HIV/AIDS has been elusive, and this report sheds light on the reason," said Mark Johnston, Ph.D., Editor-in-Chief of the journal Genetics. "Now that we know HIV rapidly evolves, even when its population size is small, we may be able to interfere with its ability to evolve so we can get the most out of the treatments that are developed." |
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Michael2901
Veteran Cruncher Joined: Feb 6, 2009 Post Count: 586 Status: Offline Project Badges: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/242898.php
"Article Date: 15 Mar 2012 AIDS Drug Combo Recommended By WHO Comes Under Fire Medical News Today reported that, according to a study led by the Stanford University School of Medicine which appears in the March 15 print issue of the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases, retroviral therapy combinations that combine tenofovir with lamivudine and nevirapine had high rates of HIV treatment failure. Personally I suspect Nevaripane may be the culprit as I have read studies before indicating that HIV evolves resistance to it very rapidly for some reason. Perhaps the virus might be using this as a basis to develop resistance to the other HAART drugs. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12152519 Nevirapine resistance after single dose prophylaxis Nevaripane also seems to be highly toxic to the Liver. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11807315 Liver toxicity caused by nevirapine |
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Dan60
Senior Cruncher Brazil Joined: Mar 29, 2006 Post Count: 185 Status: Offline Project Badges: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Conference highlights of the 5th international workshop on HIV persistence during therapy, 6-9 December 2011, St. Maartin, West Indies
The December 2011 5th International Workshop on HIV Persistence during Therapy addressed the issue of HIV persistence among 210 scientists from 10 countries involved in the study of HIV reservoirs and the search of an HIV cure. High quality abstracts were selected and discussed as oral or poster presentations. The aim of this review is to distribute the scientific highlights of this workshop outside the group as analyzed and represented by experts in retrovirology, immunology and clinical research. The complete article is available as a provisional PDF . The fully formatted PDF and HTML versions are in production. http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/9/1/7/abstract |
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Dan60
Senior Cruncher Brazil Joined: Mar 29, 2006 Post Count: 185 Status: Offline Project Badges: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
"... There is a desperate need for the development of new therapeutic strategies to eradicate HIV infection. HIV actively subverts the potent natural immune responses against it, particularly cellular cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The development of a therapy that allows long-lived immune self-containment of HIV and restoration of these CTL responses by the host would be ideal. Through genetic manipulation of human blood-forming stem cells, we introduced a molecule– an HIV-targeting T cell receptor (TCR)–that allowed the generation of functional HIV-specific CTLs following differentiation within human tissues in a humanized mouse model..."
http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Ad...71%2Fjournal.ppat.1002649 |
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Papa3
Senior Cruncher Joined: Apr 23, 2006 Post Count: 360 Status: Offline Project Badges: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120412182253.htm
Engineered Stem Cells Seek out and Kill HIV in Living Mice ScienceDaily (Apr. 12, 2012) — Expanding on previous research providing proof-of-principle that human stem cells can be genetically engineered into HIV-fighting cells, a team of UCLA researchers have now demonstrated that these cells can actually attack HIV-infected cells in a living organism. [...] |
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