Primary Care Provider Receptivity to Multi-Cancer Early Detection Test Use in Cancer Screening

https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13121673

Insights for precision oncology from the integration of genomic and clinical data of 13,880 tumors from the 100,000 Genomes Cancer Programme | Nature Medicine

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02682-0

""The classification of cancers is based on the organ affected by the tumour. But, given the targeted therapies developed by precision medicine, this classification no longer makes sense. In the journal Nature, researchers at the Gustave-Roussy Institute argue for a new way of classifying cancers, based on their molecular profile"

Toward a new classification of cancers

Sorry the linlk leads to a french health newsletter ( one may google translate easily in english ) that report from a scientific research article in NATURE (this one i failed to find)
but the source indicated as :

Source: Inserm - GustaveRoussy.fr - Forget lung, breast or prostate cancer: why tumor naming needs to change, The conventional way of metastatic classifying cancers according to their organ of is native is dornowned people access to that drugs could help them, by F. André, E. Rassy, A. Marabelle, S. Michiels, B. Besse

Millennials and Gen Xers face higher risk of 17 cancers than previous generations, study suggests | CNN

https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/31/health/millenn...cer-risk-study/index.html

Hi here a new progress:

Prostate cancer: soon a simple urine test to diagnose it ?
November 25, 2024
To date, only a prostate biopsy can confirm cancer of this gland of the male reproductive system. But a French team has developed a test capable of detecting it in a urine sample. Still under evaluation, this test could revolutionize the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Movember is Men’s Cancer Awareness Month; an opportunity to shine the spotlight on the HOPE trial, which aims to prove the reliability of a simple urine test to diagnose prostate cancer. It is the most common cancer in men. Each year, it affects nearly 60,000 men and causes 8,000 deaths. But unlike breast, cervical and colorectal cancers, there is currently no organized screening for prostate cancer. It can be detected by means of a digital rectal examination, a measurement of the PSA level (a prostate-specific antigen), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and, if necessary, a deep biopsy of prostate tissue to confirm the diagnosis. This invasive, stressful and sometimes painful examination can also cause complications.

A trial, called “HOPE”, coordinated by the Institut Curie (Paris), could revolutionize the diagnostic approach to prostate cancer. "The idea is to develop a simple, inexpensive way to detect and direct patients as early as possible towards appropriate treatments," summarizes Antonin Morillon, CNRS/Institut Curie research director of the "Non-coding RNA, epigenetics and genome fluidity" team.

Detecting cancer in a urine sample

Antonin Morillon and his team, in collaboration with Professor Yves Allory, an anatomopathologist at the Curie Institute, have developed a test capable of detecting new biomarkers of prostate cancer in urine. "Our trial, which began in 2021, consists of proving the concept of the possibility of obtaining a rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of prostate cancer. It involves testing patients' urine directly for the presence of robust markers of the disease. This is the first step: being able to detect prostate cancer in urine," continues the researcher.

When the trial began in 2022, healthy participants were included, as well as others in whom prostate cancer was suspected. "Since then, we know whether they actually suffered from cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia," explains our contact. For each participant, urine samples were taken. "Today, we have all the samples and all the clinical information. We are currently performing computer and statistical analyses to define the molecular signature of prostate cancer. In a few months, I hope we will be able to offer a tool for early diagnosis." The hidden side of the genome at the heart of research

What are these biomarkers that Antonin Morillon's team is looking for in urine samples? Using next-generation molecular sequencing and artificial intelligence and bioinformatics algorithms, the team identified a set of uncatalogued sequences that are overexpressed in prostate cancer. "All our cells have their own molecular identity. It's the same for tumors," explains the scientist. "We find genes expressed in a specific way compared to a normal prostate cell. Among these genes - identity signatures of tumors - there is the hidden side of the genome, non-coding DNA (a type of genetic material that is not translated into protein, editor's note) which represents 98% of our chromosomes and for which we still have little information. These entire sections of DNA are terra incognita. And this hidden side is so vast that it multiplies the possibilities of obtaining specific signatures of a tumor."

If the effectiveness of the test is proven, a new study could be launched. The objective this time: to be able to know the prognosis of the cancer - high risk, intermediate risk or low risk. Here again, a molecular signature could be identified and sought directly in the urine. "And if the cancer is not invasive, we can keep the prostate and do active monitoring but in a simple way, thanks to a regular urine test to see if the cancer is evolving. The idea is to be able to offer these tools to patients to avoid unnecessary biopsies."

Source: Institut Curie, Interview with Antonin Morillon, CNRS research director

The original article in french:
https://destinationsante.com/cancer-de-la-pro...our-le-diagnostiquer.html