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You could have a single node blockchain, for example, and that node could perform mining. As per the documentation at http://www.multichain.com/developers/blockchain-parameters/
mining-requires-peers: A node will only mine if it is connected to at least one other node. This is not applied during the setup phase or if only one address has mining permissions. It can also be overridden by each node using the miningrequirespeers runtime parameter.