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World Community Grid Forums
Category: Completed Research
Forum: FightAIDS@Home Phase 2
Thread: Interesting news articles about HIV / AIDS |
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Thread Status: Active Total posts in this thread: 55
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Jim Slade
Veteran Cruncher Joined: Apr 27, 2007 Post Count: 664 Status: Offline Project Badges: 
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A Tissue Sample From 1966 Held Traces of Early HIV
To understand the virus's history, a team worked to reconstruct its genome from a time before anyone knew the virus existed In 1966, a 38-year-old man visited a hospital in Congo. A piece of one of his lymph nodes was collected and preserved. By analyzing it, a team of researchers have shown that the man was infected by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. he wouldn't have known it, though, and nor would his doctors. HIV was formally discovered 17 years later. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2...ore-its-discovery/596272/  |
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Papa3
Senior Cruncher Joined: Apr 23, 2006 Post Count: 360 Status: Offline Project Badges: 
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Pioneering method reveals dynamic structure in HIV
Physicists from the University of Utah have pioneered a way of imaging virus-like particles in real time, at room temperature, with impressive resolution. In a new study, the method reveals that the lattice which forms the major structural component of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is dynamic. The discovery of a diffusing lattice made from Gag and GagPol proteins, long considered to be completely static, opens up potential new therapies. When HIV particles bud from an infected cell, the viruses experience a lag time before they become infectious. Protease, an enzyme that is embedded as a half-molecule in GagPol proteins, must bond to other similar molecules in a process called dimerization. This triggers the viral maturation that leads to infectious particles. No one knows how these half protease molecules find each other and dimerize, but it may have to do with the rearrangement of the lattice formed by Gag and GagPol proteins that exists just inside of the viral envelope. Gag is the major structural protein and has been shown to be enough to assemble virus-like particles. Gag molecules form a lattice hexagonal structure that intertwines with itself with miniscule gaps interspersed. The new method showed that the Gag protein lattice is not static. https://attheu.utah.edu/facultystaff/pioneeri...dynamic-structure-in-hiv/ |
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Papa3
Senior Cruncher Joined: Apr 23, 2006 Post Count: 360 Status: Offline Project Badges:
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New Sugar-based Signature Identifies T Cells Where HIV Hides and Persists Despite Antiretroviral Therapy
Persistently infected cells can be divided into two groups: cells where the virus is completely silent and does not produce any RNA (i.e., silent HIV reservoir); and cells where the virus produces low levels of RNA (i.e., active HIV reservoir). Targeting and eliminating both types of reservoirs is the focus of the quest for an HIV cure. A main challenge in this quest is that we do not have a clear understanding of how these two types of infected cells are different from each other and from HIV-uninfected cells. Therefore, identifying markers that can distinguish these cells from each other is critical. [Researchers] identified a process called fucosylation as a feature of persistently infected T cells in which the viral genome is actively being transcribed. Fucosylation is the attachment of a sugar molecule called fucose to proteins present on the cell surface and is critical for T-cell activation. Researchers also found that the expression of a specific fucosylated antigen called Sialyl-LewisX (SLeX) identifies persistent HIV transcription in vivo and that primary CD4 T cells with high levels of SLeX have higher levels of T-cell pathways and proteins known to drive HIV transcription during ART. Such glycosylation patterns were not found on HIV-infected cells in which the virus is transcriptionally inactive, providing a distinguishing feature between these two cell compartments. Interestingly, researchers also found that HIV itself promotes these cell-surface glycomic changes. Importantly, having a high level of SLeX is a feature of some cancer cells that allow them to metastasize (spread to other sites in the body). Indeed, researchers found that HIV-infected cells with high levels of SLeX are enriched with molecular pathways involved in trafficking between blood and tissues. These differential levels of trafficking might play an important role in the persistence of HIV in tissues, which are the main sites where HIV hides during ART. https://wistar.org/news/press-releases/new-su...-hiv-hides-and-persists-0 |
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Papa3
Senior Cruncher Joined: Apr 23, 2006 Post Count: 360 Status: Offline Project Badges:
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Moderna – famed for its Covid-19 vaccine – may have finally cracked an HIV vaccine. The jab uses sophisticated gene-editing technology to train the immune system to produce a variety of HIV-like particles, to familiarise the body with many mutations. It is currently undergoing human trials.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-92...illion-global-deaths.html |
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Falconet
Master Cruncher Portugal Joined: Mar 9, 2009 Post Count: 3294 Status: Offline Project Badges: 
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A multiclade env–gag VLP mRNA vaccine elicits tier-2 HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies and reduces the risk of heterologous SHIV infection in macaques
----------------------------------------https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01574-5 AMD Ryzen 5 1600AF 6C/12T 3.2 GHz - 85W AMD Ryzen 5 2500U 4C/8T 2.0 GHz - 28W AMD Ryzen 7 7730U 8C/16T 3.0 GHz [Edit 1 times, last edit by Falconet at Dec 12, 2021 5:50:03 PM] |
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