The muscular dystrophies (MD) are a diverse group of genetically determined (inherited) disorders primarily affecting the muscles of the body. Most tend to be progressive, but the rate of disease progression differs based on the specific type. They typically result from an ongoing breakdown of the muscle due to an absence of crucial protein (building block) required to maintain the strength and stability of the muscle. As a result, the muscle is replaced by fibrous (scar) tissue and fatty tissue. Often, the muscles-- especially the calf muscles--may appear abnormally large due this fatty replacement of the muscle ("pseudohypertrophy"), but the muscle is weak.


The muscular dystrophies may also involve the heart muscles, breathing or respiratory muscles, and--less commonly--other body systems such as brain, eye, gastrointestinal tract, and other organ systems. Scoliosis (curvature of the spine) often results as a consequence of the spinal muscle weakness and of a child’s being confined to a wheelchair. Obesity is also often a problem since children are less active due to their weakness.

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